The Supreme Court reshaped civil law in 2015. On June 26, Obergefell v. Hodges held that the Fourteenth Amendment protects same-sex couples' right to marry throughout the United States. Four months earlier, the Federal Communications Commission adopted open-internet rules that barred broadband providers from blocking, throttling or selling paid priority to lawful online traffic. Both actions inspired celebration, opposition and years of political and legal argument.
The country also confronted racist violence and questions about public memory. Nine Black worshippers were murdered during Bible study at Emanuel African Methodist Episcopal Church in Charleston, South Carolina. Survivors and relatives offered striking expressions of faith while federal and state prosecutors pursued the killer. The attack accelerated efforts to remove the Confederate battle flag from the South Carolina State House grounds and reopened debate over Confederate symbols elsewhere.
Major international developments arrived late in the year. Coordinated attacks in Paris killed 130 people in November. On December 12, nearly every country adopted the Paris Agreement, creating a shared framework for limiting climate change through national plans and repeated reviews. Nine days later, SpaceX launched eleven communications satellites and landed the Falcon 9 first stage near Cape Canaveral. The booster landing demonstrated a central part of the company's plan to reuse orbital-class rockets and lower launch costs.
Gold dots on the calendar above mark these dates. Articles are researched from primary and authoritative sources listed on each page.