Technology changed everyday expectations in 2007. Steve Jobs introduced Apple's iPhone in January as a phone, iPod and internet device controlled through a multitouch screen; customers lined up when it reached US stores on June 29. Amazon followed in November with the $399 Kindle, an electronic reader that downloaded books over a cellular connection without requiring a computer. The last Harry Potter novel went on sale in July, turning a midnight book release into a national event.
The year's gravest news came from campuses and public infrastructure. A student killed 32 people at Virginia Tech on April 16, leading to investigations of emergency warnings, mental-health records and institutional response. On August 1, the I-35W bridge in Minneapolis collapsed into the Mississippi River during evening traffic, killing 13 people and injuring 145. California wildfires in October forced mass evacuations, while the housing downturn and rising mortgage defaults showed that years of easy credit were ending.
In Washington, Nancy Pelosi became the first woman to serve as speaker of the House, and Congress debated the Iraq War troop increase announced by President George W. Bush. The Indianapolis Colts won the Super Bowl, the Boston Red Sox swept the World Series, and the San Antonio Spurs and Anaheim Ducks won their leagues. The Departed won Best Picture, Beyoncé's Irreplaceable led Billboard's year-end chart, and Time selected Russian president Vladimir Putin as Person of the Year.
Gold dots on the calendar above mark these dates. Articles are researched from primary and authoritative sources listed on each page.