The United States began 2013 with President Barack Obama starting his second term and lawmakers still divided over taxes, spending and health care. That division became tangible on October 1, when a lapse in appropriations shut parts of the federal government for sixteen days. Earlier, the Supreme Court struck down the federal definition of marriage in Section 3 of the Defense of Marriage Act, a decision that extended federal recognition to lawful same-sex marriages.
Two stories changed how Americans thought about public safety and government power. Bombs near the Boston Marathon finish line killed three people and injured hundreds on April 15, followed by an extraordinary regional manhunt. In June, documents provided by former National Security Agency contractor Edward Snowden revealed secret surveillance programs and triggered arguments about privacy, intelligence oversight and the reach of digital data collection.
Culture and sports supplied moments of shared attention. The Baltimore Ravens won a Super Bowl interrupted by a power outage, while the Boston Red Sox returned to Fenway Park and clinched the World Series months after the marathon attack. Netflix released House of Cards as a complete season, strengthening the case for streaming-first television. Pope Francis was elected in March, Nelson Mandela died in December, and the final episode of Breaking Bad drew a large audience to a drama that had grown from a modest cable debut into a national conversation.
Gold dots on the calendar above mark these dates. Articles are researched from primary and authoritative sources listed on each page.