The United States entered 2009 in a severe recession and with a change of presidential administrations. Barack Obama was inaugurated on January 20 as the first African American president. Congress enacted a large recovery package in February, while the Treasury and Federal Reserve continued emergency measures begun during the financial crisis. General Motors entered a court-supervised bankruptcy on June 1 and emerged from restructuring in July. The recession officially ended in June, although unemployment and household hardship remained high well afterward.
Two stories showed institutions responding under pressure. On January 15, US Airways Flight 1549 lost thrust in both engines after striking birds and landed on the Hudson River; all 155 people aboard survived. In spring, a newly identified H1N1 influenza virus spread in the United States and abroad. Federal officials declared a public health emergency on April 26, the World Health Organization declared a pandemic in June, and an autumn vaccination campaign followed.
The year also brought important cultural and legal milestones. The Senate confirmed Sonia Sotomayor as the first Latina Supreme Court justice. Michael Jackson's death prompted worldwide mourning, the New York Yankees won their 27th World Series, and James Cameron's Avatar opened in December. Pittsburgh won both the Super Bowl and Stanley Cup, Slumdog Millionaire received the Best Picture Oscar, the Black Eyed Peas led Billboard's year-end chart, and Time named Federal Reserve chair Ben Bernanke Person of the Year.
Gold dots on the calendar above mark these dates. Articles are researched from primary and authoritative sources listed on each page.