The United States began 2005 with George W. Bush taking the oath for a second presidential term and American forces still deeply engaged in Iraq. Domestic arguments ranged from Social Security reform to the extraordinary congressional and court fight over Terri Schiavo's medical care. In July, Bush nominated John Roberts to the Supreme Court; Roberts became chief justice in September after William Rehnquist died. Sandra Day O'Connor's retirement created a second vacancy that would be filled by Samuel Alito in early 2006.
Hurricane Katrina defined the year. The storm crossed southern Florida, intensified to Category 5 over the Gulf of Mexico, and struck the northern Gulf Coast on August 29 as a large Category 3 hurricane. Storm surge devastated coastal Mississippi, levee failures flooded most of New Orleans, and the delayed public response became a national controversy. Hurricane Rita followed in September, adding damage along the Louisiana-Texas coast during the busiest Atlantic hurricane season then recorded.
A quieter transformation was taking place online and in living rooms. The YouTube domain was registered in February, the first video went up in April, and the service reached a public beta in May. NASA's Deep Impact probe struck comet Tempel 1 on July 4 to expose material beneath its surface. Microsoft released the Xbox 360 before Thanksgiving, beginning a new console generation. In sports, the Chicago White Sox ended an 88-year championship wait, while the NHL canceled an entire season because of a labor dispute.
Gold dots on the calendar above mark these dates. Articles are researched from primary and authoritative sources listed on each page.