The United States began 2001 with a new president and a slowing economy. George W. Bush took the oath of office on a cold, rainy January 20 after one of the closest elections in American history. The dot-com stock bubble had already burst, and the economy slipped into recession in March. In June, Bush signed a $1.35 trillion, ten-year tax cut that cut the top income tax rate and sent rebate checks of up to $600 to married couples.
September 11 divided the year in two. Nineteen hijackers crashed four airliners into the World Trade Center, the Pentagon and a field near Shanksville, Pennsylvania, killing 2,977 people. Civilian flights were grounded nationwide, the New York Stock Exchange stayed closed until September 17, and anthrax-laced letters mailed that fall added to the fear. On October 7, American and British forces began airstrikes in Afghanistan, and on October 26 the president signed the USA PATRIOT Act, which widened federal surveillance powers.
Technology and culture kept moving through the turmoil. Wikipedia went online in January, DreamWorks released Shrek in May, and Apple introduced the iPod in October. Business news ended on a sour note when Enron, once praised as one of America's most innovative companies, filed for bankruptcy on December 2. In sports, the Baltimore Ravens won their first Super Bowl, the Los Angeles Lakers repeated as NBA champions, and the Arizona Diamondbacks beat the New York Yankees in a seven-game World Series that ran into November for the first time because of the post-attack schedule delay.
Gold dots on the calendar above mark these dates. Articles are researched from primary and authoritative sources listed on each page.